New 7300 year old samples from the Middle Don region in Europe & the oldest sample yet from SC Asia

 

New Preprint: 

Population Genomics of Stone Age Eurasia. bioRxiv. Published online 2022. doi:10.1101/2022.05.04.490594

They found some new cool samples from 5300 bce. These are samples from Middle Don region with CHG ancestry. These should be the ancestors of the Khvalynsk samples who show no IranN/IndiaN as per my modeling. 

From the preprint:

 

Interestingly, two herein reported ~7,300-year-old imputed genomes from the Middle Don River region in the Pontic-Caspian steppe (Golubaya Krinitsa, NEO113 & NEO212) derive ~20-30% of their ancestry from a source cluster of hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus (Caucasus_13000BP_10000BP) (Fig. 3). Additional lower coverage (non imputed) genomes from the same site project in the same PCA space (Fig. 1D), shifted away from the European hunter-gatherer cline towards Iran and the Caucasus. Our results thus document genetic contact between populations from the Caucasus and the Steppe region as early as 7,300 years ago, providing documentation of continuous admixture prior to the advent of later nomadic Steppe cultures, in contrast to recent hypotheses, and also further to the west than previously reported.

We demonstrate that this “steppe” ancestry (Steppe_5000BP_4300BP) can be modelled as a mixture of ~65% ancestry related to herein reported hunter-gatherer genomes from the Middle Don River region (MiddleDon_7500BP) and ~35% ancestry related to hunter-gatherers from Caucasus (Caucasus_13000BP_10000BP) (Extended Data Fig. 4). Thus, Middle Don hunter-gatherers, who already carry ancestry related to Caucasus hunter-gatherers (Fig. 2), serve as a hitherto unknown proximal source for the majority ancestry contribution into Yamnaya genomes.

Now this 35% CHG/IranN which came in later, this should contain the IndiaN/IranN that I have written about at length in previous posts. 

Let me get my hands on the geno files, I should have a lot of fun working with these samples.

UPDATE:

The paper has 3 new samples from the neolithic Western Iranian site of Tepe Guran dated to around 7000BCE. Should be similar to the Ganj Dareh samples. The male sample is J2a.

Most importantly, they have a 4600 BCE sample from the south Turkmenistan site of  Monjukli-Depe.

Y-HG is L1a. The paper says this

"The Neolithic individual from Turkmenistan (~6,500 BP) clusters close to Neolithic Iranians."

So I think we will finally have a sample with the IndiaN ancestry rather than IranN. IranN is the western version, IndiaN being the eastern one. This ancestry gets diluted due to later influx from West Asia as seen in the later AnatoliaN heavy Geoksyur, Anau and Namazga samples.